Ahmad Shah Durrani

Ahmad Shah Durrani احمد شاه دراني
Padishah Ghazi Shah of the Durrani Empire Durr-i-Durrani ("Pearl of Pearls")
1st Emperor of the Durrani Empire
Reign	1747–1772 (25 years reign)
Coronation	October 1747
Predecessor	Hussain Hotak
Successor	Timur Shah Durrani
Born	c. 1722 Herat, Afghanistan
Died	16 October 1772 Maruf, Kandahar Province, Durrani Empire
Burial	Kandahar, Durrani Empire 31°37′10″N 65°42′25″E
Spouse	Hazrat Begum Iffat-un-Nissa Begum
Full name Ahmad Shah Abdali Dur-e-Durran
Dynasty	Durrani
Father	Muhammad Zaman Khan Abdali
Mother	Zarghuna Alakozai
Religion	Islam

Ahmad Shah Durrani (c. 1722 – 16 October 1772) 
(Pashto: احمد شاه دراني), also known as Ahmad Khān Abdālī (احمد خان ابدالي), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan. He began his career by enlisting as a young soldier in the military of the Afsharid kingdom and quickly rose to become a commander of the Abdali Regiment, a cavalry of four thousand Abdali Pashtun soldiers.
After the assassination of Nader Shah Afshar in 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani was chosen as King of Afghanistan. Rallying his Afghan tribes and allies, he pushed east towards the Mughal and the Maratha empires of India, west towards the disintegrating Afsharid Empire of Persia, and north toward the Khanate of Bukhara. Within a few years, he extended his control from Khorasan in the west to Kashmir and North India in the east, and from the Amu Darya in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south.Durrani was born in or about 1722 to Mohammad Zaman Khan, chief of the Abdali tribe and Governor of Herat, and Zarghuna Alakozai. There has been some debate about Durrani's exact place of birth. Most believe that he was born in Herat, Afghanistan. He was born as Ahmed Khan.Abdali's father suffered "Persian captivity for many years" at Kirman before being released from prison in 1715.As a refugee, he "made his way to India" and joined his kinsmen at Multan.After he raised his family there, he was recognized as the "scion of hereditary Sadozai chiefs". It is believed that Zaman Khan returned to Afghanistan to fight the Persians and his Afghan rivals,[citation needed] but left one of his wives at Multan because she was "in the family way". So other sources believe that, Abdali was born at Multan in 1722, after which she returned to Afghanistan to reunite with her husband. He lost his father during his infancy.

Durrani's forefathers were Sadozais but his mother was from the Alakozai tribe. In June 1729, the Abdali forces under Zulfiqar had surrendered to Nader Shah Afshar, the rising new ruler of Persia. However, they soon began a rebellion and took over Herat as well as Mashad. In July 1730, he defeated Ibrahim Khan, a military commander and brother of Nader Shah. This prompted Nader Shah to retake Mashad and also intervene in the power struggle of Harat. By July 1731, Zulfiqar returned to his capital Farah where he had been serving as the governor since 1726. A year later Nadir's brother Ibrahim Khan took control of Farah. During this time Zulfiqar and the young Durrani fled to Kandahar where they took refuge with the Ghiljis. They were later made political prisoners by Hussain Hotak, the Ghilji ruler of the Kandahar region.

Nader Shah had been enlisting the Abdalis in his army since around 1729. After conquering Kandahar in 1738, Durrani and his brother Zulfiqar were freed and provided with leading careers in Nader Shah's administration. Zulfiqar was made Governor of Mazandaran while Durrani remained working as Nader Shah's personal attendant. The Ghiljis, who are originally from the territories east of the Kandahar region, were expelled from Kandahar in order to resettle the Abdalis along with some Qizilbash and other Persians.

Durrani proved himself in Nader Shah's service and was promoted from a personal attendant (yasāwal) to command the Abdali Regiment, a cavalry of four thousand soldiers and officers. The Abdali Regiment was part of Nader Shah's military during his invasion of the Mughal Empire in 1738.

Popular history has it that the Shah could see the talent in his young commander. Later on, according to Pashtun legend, it is said that in Delhi Nader Shah summoned Durrani, and said, "Come forward Ahmad Abdali. Remember Ahmad Khan Abdali, that after me the Kingship will pass on to you.Nader Shah recruited him because of his "impressive personality and valour" also because of his "loyalty to the Persian monarch".

Durrani's mausoleum is located at Kandahar, Afghanistan, adjacent to the Shrine of the Cloak in the center of the city. Afghans often refer to him as Ahmad Shāh Bābā("Ahmad Shah the Father")

The flag of Ahmad Shah Durrani.





Peotry

ستا د عشق له مينی ډک شول ځيګرونه ‬
Sta de ishq de weeno daq sho zegaronah

ستا په لاره کـــې بايلــــــــي ځلمي سرونه ‬
Sta puh meena ke byley zalmey saronah

تاته راشمــــه زړګــــی زمــــا فـــارغ شي ‬
Ta tuh reshema zergai ze mai farigh shey

بې له تا مــــې انديښنې د زړه مارونه ‬
Bey ley ta mai andekhney de zlar maronah

که هــــر څه مې د دنيا ملکونه ډير شي ‬
Ke har sa mi de dunia molkona der shi

زما به هير نه شي دا ستا ښکلي باغونه ‬
ze ma ba heera na shi da sta shekeli baghona
I will not forget it your beautiful gardens

د ډيلـــي تخت هيرومه چې را ياد کړم ‬
De Delhi takht hayrawoona chey rayad kum

زما د ښکلي پښتونخوا د غرو سرونه ‬
Ze mah de khekely or shekele Pakhtunkhwa de ghru saronah